Perceptions, Practice, and Impacts of Islamic Eco-Consciousness on Environmental and Animal Protection among Yoruba Muslims in Epe, Lagos State

Abstract

The intensifying global discourse on environmental sustainability and animal welfare has increasingly underscored the ethical obligations of religious communities, including Yoruba Muslims. Although Islamic teachings unequivocally prescribe khilāfah (stewardship) over the Earth and the compassionate treatment of animals, a noticeable gap persists between these theological imperatives and their practical realisation. Consequently, this study critically examined the perceptions, practices, and impacts of Yoruba Muslims in Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria, concerning environmental and animal protection within the conceptual framework of Islamic eco-consciousness. The study employed a descriptive survey design to gather data from 301 respondents drawn from ten Islamic organisations, selected through purposive and proportional random sampling techniques. A self-developed instrument, the Muslim Perception, Practices, and Roles in Environmental and Animal Protection Questionnaire (MPPREAP-Q), was utilised for data collection. Analytical methods comprised both descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including the Chi-Square. Findings revealed that Yoruba Muslims in Epe demonstrated a high level of understanding (x̄ = 2.93) and a strong appreciation (x̄ = 2.90) of Islamic ethical obligations related to environmental and animal protection. Respondents acknowledged the influence of socio-cultural norms, economic conditions, personal experiences, and media, while governmental influence was comparatively low (x̄ = 1.70). Challenges (x̄ = 3.05) included inadequate policy enforcement, cultural misconceptions, and limited religious advocacy. The study concluded that while Islamic eco-consciousness is present, systemic barriers necessitate integrated, faith-based, and culturally grounded interventions. The study, therefore, recommended a strategic integration of religious education, community mobilisation, and institutional support to translate Islamic ecological consciousness into sustained and meaningful environmental action.