Perception of Water Conservation Techniques in Urban and Rural Communities in Ogun State: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Effective water management is vital for sustainable development amid rising populations, climate change, and growing resource demands. Urban and rural areas face unique water management challenges due to differences in infrastructure, population density, economic activities, and technology access. Urban water management emphasizes secure water supply through advanced systems and policy coordination, whereas rural management often tackles agricultural use and limited modern facilities. This study examines differences and overlaps in water management strategies, comparing perceptions of water conservation in Ijebu Ode (urban) and Ogbo (rural) communities. Grounded in Turner’s Economic Evaluation of Water Resources framework, it employed a quantitative design using questionnaires administered to 220 systematically selected respondents (150 in Ijebu Ode, 70 in Ogbo). Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Respondents averaged 44.46±1.24 years; 59.5% were female. In Ijebu Ode, 54.7% had above secondary education versus 27.1% in Ogbo; 57.3% earned above ₦40,000 monthly compared to 15.7% in Ogbo. Predominant water management practices in Ogbo were traditional, while Ijebu Ode used semi-modern techniques. Rural residents mainly relied on streams and rivers; urban dwellers sourced water from taps, boreholes, and wells. However, results indicated no significant difference in conservation techniques and its economic implications between the communities. The study underscores the need for adaptive policies, community involvement, and innovative solutions to bridge urban-rural gaps. It recommends intensified government strategies and inclusive environmental education, particularly targeting rural areas, to enhance water conservation awareness and practices.