Bioaccessibility Studies and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Element in Soils from Dumpsites in Mowe, Sagamu, Iwaya, Ijagun and Ikija Areas of Ogun State

Abstract

Potential toxic elements (PTEs) are naturally occurring, widespread substances in the human environment, which pose serious environmental problems, and threaten human health. The study aim is to examine inaccessibility studies on Cadmium and Manganese in the soil around dump sites and find out the level of PTEs present in soil samples of the dumpsites in Mowe, Ikija, Iwaya, Ijagun and Sagamu area of Ogun State. This study shows the impact of PTEs contamination in soil from dumpsites. In this study, the total concentration and bio-accessible concentrations of cadmium and manganese in soil samples were obtained from dump sites. The study showed that the total concentration of Cadmium (Cd) was between the range of 0.76 ± 0.1 to 2.78 ± 0.3 mg/kg and the concentration of Manganese (Mn) was between the range of 41.41 ± 0.5 to 69.85 ± 0.4 mg/kg. Contamination factor analysis indicated low contamination levels for both Cd and Mn (CF < 1) across all sites. Bioaccessibility studies revealed varying percentages for different exposure routes, with oral bioaccessibility ranging from 9.95% to 41.44% for both elements. Dermal and inhalation bioaccessibility showed similar ranges. Hazard quotient (HQ) calculations for all exposure pathways were well below 1, suggesting minimal health risks associated with these PTEs in the studied dumpsites. Conclusively, while Cd and Mn are present in the dumpsite soils, their concentrations and bioaccessibility do not pose significant immediate health concerns for the local population.