Technology-Enhanced Learning Approaches for Teaching Abstract Chemical Concepts in Resource-Limited Settings

Abstract

This review evaluates technology-enhanced learning resources that include virtual laboratories, simulations and mobile applications to teach abstract concepts of chemistry in resource-limited learning environments. Findingshave indicated that digital learning materials are significant in enhancing the understanding of abstract chemistry concepts among students, improve academic success, motivation and involvement of learners through interactive and multimedia-based learning. However, the effective implementation is limited by critical factors including infrastructural limitations, device access, internet connectivity, teacher preparation and pedagogical approaches of integrating with other approaches. Virtual laboratories and the augmented reality (AR) applications helped in the visualisation of the molecular structure and reactions that may be difficult to achieve in resource-limited setting of developing countries. Despite the established benefit, the current obstacles of the high cost of implementation, technical problems, digital literacy, the reluctance to alter the ongoing pedagogical practices restrain its usage. Meanwhile, best practices revolve around blended learning systems that combine traditional and online systems, intensive and comprehensive teacher training programs, curriculum alignment, and solutions sensitive and adaptable to offline functionality and low bandwidth environments. This review is appropriate in the discussion of educational policy as it identifies evidence-based methods of quality chemistry education through the combination of the appropriate technology in resource constrained facilities and the necessity of making a systemic investment in digital infrastructure and capacity building in order to ensure equitable educational achievement.